History and Innovations

How Applied Neuroscience, Inc. Has Advanced EEG Neuroscience
and Changed the Face of EEG Biofeedback

1994

First to Introduce and Implement a Normative Database to EEG Biofeedback (Lexicor). The goal was to use Z Scores from Norms for Assessment, Biofeedback Protocol Development & Evaluation of Treatment efficacy following Biofeedback.

2000

2002

First to Produce Commercial Software that Integrates Conventional EEG with QEEG on the Same Screen at the Same Time.

2004

2005

2008

2009

First to Implement Seamless Integration of QEEG Assessment and Biofeedback
First to Implement Surface Laplacian EEG Biofeedback.
First to Implement Average Reference EEG Biofeedback.
First to Implement a Symptom Check List to produce Biofeedback protocols of
the Surface EEG.

2010

2011

2012

First to Implement LORETA Coherence and Phase Difference in Biofeedback.
First to Produce the “Handbook of QEEG and EEG Biofeedback” a Textbook for Students and Professionals.

2013

First to Implement LORETA Z Scores of Phase Lock & Phase Shift to Biofeedback.
First to Implement a Real-Time 3D Rendered MRI volume & Nodes (Brodmann Areas) and Connections (Coherence, Phase and Phase Reset) between Nodes for Assessment and Biofeedback. The new “BrainSurfer”

2014

First to Implement LORETA Phase Shift and Phase Lock Duration Z Scores for Assessment with Color Coded Contour Maps
First to Implement an Automatic Clinical Report Writer that is Generated Locally to Empower Individual Clinicians, thus Removing the need for an External QEEG Report Services.

2015

First to Implement NeuroLink to allow patients/clients to assess symptom severity and seamlessly select a protocol to reinforce stability in dysregulated brain networks linked to the symptoms
First to implement a Neural Network Injury Index of patients/clients following a concussion and TBI
First to integrate a Chinese amplifier (Fistar SNS) for real-time EEG Z score Biofeedback
First to implement Effective Connectivity or measures of information flow between all combinations of 19 EEG channels using the Phase Slope Inde (PSI) for assessment
First to implement Effective Connectivity or measures of information flow between all combinations of 88 Brodmann Areas using LORETA with the Phase Slope Index (PSI) for assessment

2016

First to compute Z scores for swLORETA with 12,270 voxels and a real MRI to replace the Key Institute LORETA and sLORETA
First to implement a “Concussion Index” to track brain network changes over time and following treatment
First to implement the BrainSurfer Viewer to allow one to explore 3-Dimensional Z score connectivity

2017

First to implement the “Brain Function Index” using functional and effective connectivity Z score metrics with sLORETA to track changes in brain networks in the direction of optimal functioning
First to implement Phase/Amplitude Coupling with Z scores for surface and between Brodmann areas
First to implement Cross-Frequency Coherence with Z scores

2018

First to implement EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) using Cross-Frequency Coherence and Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling.
First to use swLORETA (Soler et all, 2007) with 12,700 MRI voxels for EEG Neurofeedback protocol design using the new NeuroNavigator in NeuroGuide.
First to design and prepare for a future Cerebellum EEG Neurofeedback protocol.

2019

First to Include Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Fiber Connectivity with Both Raw Scores and Z Scores to Help Neurofeedback Protocol Development and to Evaluate Pre vs Post treatment Brain Changes
First to implement Cerebellum, Red Nucleus, Sub-Thalamus, Thalamus and Habenula for symptom assessment
First to implement Cerebellum, Red Nucleus, Sub-Thalamus, Thalamus and Habenula for EEG Neurofeedback protocol design
First to implement the 2-Dimensional Connectome with swLORETA for connectivity assessment with Z scores and raw scores
First to implement real-time swLORETA NeuroNavigation

2020

First to Develop Enhanced Symptom Linkage to Brain Networks using the swLORETA NeuroNavigator with NeuroLink Pro and an iPhone and Android app
First to implement platform independent (PC, IOS, Tablets, Android, iPhone) symptom assessment to evaluate treatment progress
First to develop Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling and Cross-Frequency Power Correlation Z scores
First to develop 3-dimensional network analyzes and Z scores that include the Cerebellum, Sub-Thalamus, Thalamus, Red Nucleus, Nu. Accumbens and the Habenula.

2021

First to develop a powerful 3D Statistics option (NaviStat) with 12,400 voxels and 130 Brodmann areas and regions of interest that includes Functional Connectivity (Coherence, Lagged Coherence, and Phase Differences) and Effective Connectivity (Information Flow).

2022

First to implement Phase Shift and Phase Lock duration to a 12,400 voxel Neuroimaging to the NeuroNavigator.
First to develop surface EEG Z score Cross-Frequency Neurofeedback
First to implement EEG Neurofeedback of the Cerebellum, Nu. Accumbens, Sub-Thalamus, Thalamus, Habenula and Red Nucleus.

2023